中文
Imirima ya peteroli na gaze - Ninini, ihenze kandi nigice cyingenzi mubukungu bwisi.Ukurikije aho umurima uherereye, igihe, ikiguzi ningorane zo kurangiza buri cyiciro biratandukanye.
Icyiciro cyo kwitegura
Mbere yo gutangira iterambere rya peteroli na gaze, iperereza ryimbitse nisuzuma ni ngombwa.Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gucukumbura umutungo wa peteroli na gaze, ubushakashatsi bw’imitingito burimo kohereza imiyoboro y’amajwi mu rutare, ubusanzwe ukoresheje vibatori ya seisimike (ku bushakashatsi ku butaka) cyangwa imbunda yo mu kirere (mu bushakashatsi bwo ku nyanja).Iyo imivumba yijwi yinjiye mubutare, igice cyingufu zabo kigaragazwa nubutaka bukomeye, mugihe ingufu zisigaye zikomeza cyane mubindi bice.Ingufu zigaragazwa zoherezwa inyuma kandi zikandikwa.Abakozi bashinzwe ubushakashatsi rero batekereza ku ikwirakwizwa rya peteroli yo munsi y’ubutaka na gaze karemano, bakamenya ingano n’ububiko bw’imirima ya peteroli na gaze, kandi bakiga imiterere ya geologiya.Byongeye kandi, ibidukikije byo hejuru nibishobora guteza impanuka bigomba gusuzumwa kugirango umutekano wibikorwa byiterambere.
Ubuzima bwumurima wa peteroli na gaze birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu:
Icyiciro cyo gutangira .
Ikirunga: Umusaruro umaze guhagarara, peteroli na gaze bizinjira mugihe cyibibaya.Muri iki cyiciro, umusaruro ukomeza kuba mwiza, kandi iki cyiciro nacyo kizamara imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu, rimwe na rimwe igihe kirekire niba umurima wa peteroli na gaze ari munini.
Kugabanuka icyiciro: Muri iki cyiciro, umusaruro wa peteroli na gaze utangira kugabanuka, mubisanzwe ku kigero cya 1% kugeza 10% kumwaka.Iyo umusaruro urangiye, haracyari umubare munini wa peteroli na gaze mu butaka.Gutezimbere kugarura, amasosiyete ya peteroli na gaze akoresha uburyo bunoze bwo kugarura ibintu.Imirima ya peteroli irashobora kugera ku kigero cyo gukira hagati ya 5% na 50%, naho kumirima itanga gaze gasanzwe gusa, iki gipimo gishobora kuba kinini (60% kugeza 80%).
Icyiciro cyo gutwara abantu
Iki cyiciro kirimo inzira zo gutandukana, kwezwa, kubika no gutwara amavuta ya peteroli.Ubusanzwe amavuta ya peteroli ajyanwa mu nganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa binyuze mu miyoboro, mu bwato cyangwa mu bundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu, aho bitunganyirizwa kandi bigatunganywa bikurikije amaherezo bikagera ku isoko.
Akamaro kamarinemubikorwa byo gucukura peteroli ntibishobora kwirengagizwa.Barashobora gutwara neza peteroli hagati yibikorwa byo hanze (urubuga, ingingo imwe, nibindi) hamwe na PLEM cyangwa tanker zo mu nyanja, kuzamura imikorere yubwikorezi bwa peteroli no kubungabunga umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije.
Kureka no gutererana
Iyo umutungo w'iriba rya peteroli wagabanutse buhoro buhoro cyangwa urwego rwiterambere rurangiye, guhagarika no guta iriba ryamavuta bizaba ngombwa.Iki cyiciro gikubiyemo gusenya no gusukura ibikoresho byo gucukura, guta imyanda, no gusana ibidukikije.Muri iki gikorwa, amategeko n’ibidukikije bigomba kubahirizwa byimazeyo kugira ngo imyanda itagira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.
Itariki: 21 Gicurasi 2024