中文
Amavuta ni yo atera imbere mu bukungu. Mu myaka 10 ishize, 60% by'ibice bishya bya peteroli na gazi biherereye ku nkombe z'inyanja. Bivugwa ko 40% by'ibigega bya peteroli na gazi ku isi bizashyirwa mu turere tw'inyanja mu gihe kizaza. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ibice bya peteroli na gazi mu nyanja mu nyanja no mu nyanja ya kure, ikiguzi n'ibyago byo gushyiraho imiyoboro miremire yo kugarura peteroli na gazi biri kwiyongera cyane. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukemura iki kibazo ni ukubaka inganda zitunganya peteroli na gazi mu nyanja.-FPSO
1. FPSO ni iki?
(1) Igitekerezo
FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) ni ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa bikomoka mu mazi mu nyanja no kubikuramoishamiigikoresho gihuza umusaruro, ububiko bw'amavuta no kuyakuramo.
(2) Imiterere
FPSO igizwe n'ibice bibiri: imiterere y'impande zo hejuru n'igice cy'umubiri
Igice cyo hejuru cyuzuza itunganywa rya peteroli, mu gihe igice cy'imbere cy'ubutaka gifite inshingano zo kubika peteroli yujuje ibisabwa.
(3) Gushyira mu byiciro
Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gupfunyika, FPSO ishobora kugabanywamo ibi bikurikira:Ahantu henshi ho gupakira ibintunaSinglePamavutaMgupfunyika(cyangwa seSPM)
2.Ibiranga FPSO
(1) FPSO yakira peteroli, gazi, amazi n'ibindi bivangwa n'amazi ava mu byobo bya peteroli byo mu mazi binyuze mu muyoboro wa peteroli wo mu mazi, hanyuma uruvange rugatunganywamo peteroli na gazi karemano byujuje ibisabwa. Ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa bibikwa mu kabati, kandi iyo bigeze ku rugero runaka, bijyanwa ku butaka hakoreshejwe ubwato butwara imizigo binyuze mu bwato.sisitemu yo gutwara peteroli.
(2) Ibyiza by'igenamigambi ry'iterambere rihuza "FPSO+urutonde rw'ibikorwa/sisitemu yo gukora munsi y'inyanja+ikamyo y'amazi":
●Ubushobozi bwo kubika peteroli, gazi, amazi, umusaruro no gutunganya peteroli ndetse n'amavuta mabi ni bwinshi cyane.
●Uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwihuse
●Ikoreshwa haba mu nyanja ntoya n'iy'uburebure, ifite umuyaga mwinshi n'ubudahangarwa bw'imiraba
●Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha, ntabwo bushobora gukoreshwa gusa hamwe n'imbuga zo mu mazi, ahubwo bushobora no gukoreshwa hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu munsi y'amazi
3. Gahunda ihamye ya FPSO
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gupfunyika bw’imigozi bwa FPSO bugabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri:Ahantu henshi ho gupakira ibintunaSinglePamavutaMgupfunyika(cyangwa seSPM)
Itsindaahantu henshi ho gufungasisitemu ikosora FPSO ikoreshejeabakora imashini zo gukata ishyambabinyuze mu ngingo nyinshi zihamye, bishobora gukumira urujya n'uruza rwa FPSO. Ubu buryo bukwiriye cyane mu turere tw'inyanja dufite imiterere myiza y'inyanja.
Itsindaahantu hamwe ho guhagarara(cyangwa seSPM)sisitemu ni ugushyira FPSO ahantu hamwe ho guhagarara ku nyanja. Mu gihe cy'umuyaga, imiraba n'imiraba, FPSO izazenguruka ku butumburuke bwa 360° ikikije igice kimwe-aho gushyira ibintu ku murongo (point branch)SPM）, bigabanya cyane ingaruka z'umugezi ku gice cy'amazi. Kuri ubu, igice kimwe-aho gushyira ibintu ku murongo (point branch)SPMUburyo bwa （bukoreshwa cyane.
Itariki: 03 Werurwe 2023