中文
Ingingo imwe (SPM) ni buoy / pir yashizwe ku nyanja kugirango ikore imizigo yamazi nkibikomoka kuri peteroli kubitwara.Ingingo imwe ihinduranya tanker kugeza aho inyura mu muheto, ikayizunguruka mu bwisanzure kuri iyo ngingo, bikagabanya imbaraga zatewe n'umuyaga, imivumba n'imigezi.SPM ikoreshwa cyane mubice bidafite ibikoresho byabigenewe byo gutwara imizigo.Izi ngingo imwe (SPM) ibikoresho biraharikilometerokure yububiko, ongeraingimiyoboro ya peteroli yo mumazi, kandi irashobora guhambira amato manini nka VLCC.
CDSRamavutazikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu ya SPM.Sisitemu ya SPM ikubiyemo sisitemu ya catenary anchor leging (CALM), sisitemu imwe yo kuguru kwamaguru (SALM) hamwe na sisitemu yo gutembera..
Sisitemu ya Catenary Anchor Sisitemu (CALM)
Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM), izwi kandi ku izina rya Single Buoy Mooring (SBM), ni buyo ifite imbaraga zo gupakira no gupakurura buoy ikoreshwa nk'ahantu ho gutemberera ibitoro bya peteroli kandi nk'isano iri hagati y'umuyoboro wa gari ya moshi (PLEM) na tanker.Bikunze gukoreshwa mumazi maremare n'amazi maremare mu gutwara peteroli na peteroli biva mu murima wa peteroli cyangwa mu nganda.
CALM nuburyo bwambere bwa sisitemu imwe yo gutondekanya ingingo, igabanya cyane umutwaro wogutwara, kandi ikagabanya ingaruka zumuyaga numuhengeri kuri sisitemu, nayo ikaba ari kimwe mubintu nyamukuru biranga sisitemu imwe.Inyungu nyamukuru ya CALM nuko yoroshye muburyo, byoroshye gukora no gushiraho.
Sisitemu imwe yo kuguru amaguru (SALM)
SALM iratandukanye cyane na gakondo imwe imwe.Buoy ya mooring yashyizwe kumurongo winyanja ukugurukandi ihujwe na base n'umunyururu umwe cyangwa umugozi umwe, kandi amazi atwarwa kuva mukibanza kiri hejuru yinyanja yerekeza mubwato binyuze mumasasu, cyangwa bikajyanwa mubwato hamwe na swivel ifatanije na base.Iki gikoresho cyo gutembera gikwiranye n’amazi maremare hamwe n’amazi maremare.Niba ikoreshwa mumazi maremare, impera yo hepfo yurunigi rwa ankeri igomba guhuzwa nigice cya riser hamwe numuyoboro wa peteroli imbere, hejuru ya riser ihambiriwe numurongo wa ankeri, hepfo ya riser iba yometse kuri ishingiro ryinyanja, kandi riser irashobora kwimuka 360 °.
Sisitemu yo gutobora
Sisitemu yo gutembera ya turret igizwe ninkingi ihamye ya turret ifashwe nubwubatsi bwimbere cyangwa bwo hanze binyuze muburyo bwo kwishyiriraho.Inkingi ya tarret ikingiwe ninyanja (catenary) amaguru afasha kugumya ubwato mugihe ntarengwa cyo kuzenguruka.Ibi bituma umutekano wogukwirakwiza amazi yo mumazi cyangwa sisitemu ya riser kuva mumyanyanja kugera kuri tarret.Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwinshi bwo gutembera, sisitemu yo gutembera ya tarret itanga inyungu zikurikira: (1) imiterere yoroshye;(2) Ntibishobora kwibasirwa n'umuyaga n'umuhengeri, bikwiranye n'ikirere gikaze;(3) ibereye ahantu h'inyanja ifite ubujyakuzimu butandukanye;(4) Irazahamwe nagutandukana vuba nare-ihuriroimikorere, bikaba byoroshye kubungabunga.
Itariki: 03 Mata 2023